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stretcher |
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stretcher calculates an optimal global alignment of two sequences using a modification of the classic dynamic programming algorithm which uses linear space. The output is a standard alignment file. The substitution matrix, gap insertion penalty and gap extension penalties used to calculate the alignment may be specified.
The standard sequence global alignment program using the Needleman & Wunsch algorithm, as implemented in the program needle, requires O(MN) space. This is standard computer-science language for it needing an amount of computer memory that is proportional to the product of the two sequences being aligned. So if a 1 kb and a 10 kb sequence take 10 Mega-words of memory to align, you should expect that in order to align a 10 kb sequence and a 1 Mb sequence you will need approximately 10 Giga-words of memory. When using needle computer memory will rapidly be exhausted as the size of the aligned sequences increases.
This program implements the Myers and Miller algorithm for finding an optimal global alignment in an amount of computer memory that is only proportional to the size of the smaller sequence - O(N).
% stretcher tsw:hba_human tsw:hbb_human Needleman-Wunsch rapid global alignment of two sequences Output alignment [hba_human.stretcher]: |
Go to the input files for this example
Go to the output files for this example
Needleman-Wunsch rapid global alignment of two sequences
Version: EMBOSS:6.4.0.0
Standard (Mandatory) qualifiers:
[-asequence] sequence Sequence filename and optional format, or
reference (input USA)
[-bsequence] sequence Sequence filename and optional format, or
reference (input USA)
[-outfile] align [*.stretcher] Output alignment file name
(default -aformat markx0)
Additional (Optional) qualifiers:
-datafile matrix [EBLOSUM62 for protein, EDNAFULL for DNA]
This is the scoring matrix file used when
comparing sequences. By default it is the
file 'EBLOSUM62' (for proteins) or the file
'EDNAFULL' (for nucleic sequences). These
files are found in the 'data' directory of
the EMBOSS installation.
-gapopen integer [12 for protein, 16 for nucleic] Gap penalty
(Positive integer)
-gapextend integer [2 for protein, 4 for nucleic] Gap length
penalty (Positive integer)
Advanced (Unprompted) qualifiers: (none)
Associated qualifiers:
"-asequence" associated qualifiers
-sbegin1 integer Start of the sequence to be used
-send1 integer End of the sequence to be used
-sreverse1 boolean Reverse (if DNA)
-sask1 boolean Ask for begin/end/reverse
-snucleotide1 boolean Sequence is nucleotide
-sprotein1 boolean Sequence is protein
-slower1 boolean Make lower case
-supper1 boolean Make upper case
-sformat1 string Input sequence format
-sdbname1 string Database name
-sid1 string Entryname
-ufo1 string UFO features
-fformat1 string Features format
-fopenfile1 string Features file name
"-bsequence" associated qualifiers
-sbegin2 integer Start of the sequence to be used
-send2 integer End of the sequence to be used
-sreverse2 boolean Reverse (if DNA)
-sask2 boolean Ask for begin/end/reverse
-snucleotide2 boolean Sequence is nucleotide
-sprotein2 boolean Sequence is protein
-slower2 boolean Make lower case
-supper2 boolean Make upper case
-sformat2 string Input sequence format
-sdbname2 string Database name
-sid2 string Entryname
-ufo2 string UFO features
-fformat2 string Features format
-fopenfile2 string Features file name
"-outfile" associated qualifiers
-aformat3 string Alignment format
-aextension3 string File name extension
-adirectory3 string Output directory
-aname3 string Base file name
-awidth3 integer Alignment width
-aaccshow3 boolean Show accession number in the header
-adesshow3 boolean Show description in the header
-ausashow3 boolean Show the full USA in the alignment
-aglobal3 boolean Show the full sequence in alignment
General qualifiers:
-auto boolean Turn off prompts
-stdout boolean Write first file to standard output
-filter boolean Read first file from standard input, write
first file to standard output
-options boolean Prompt for standard and additional values
-debug boolean Write debug output to program.dbg
-verbose boolean Report some/full command line options
-help boolean Report command line options and exit. More
information on associated and general
qualifiers can be found with -help -verbose
-warning boolean Report warnings
-error boolean Report errors
-fatal boolean Report fatal errors
-die boolean Report dying program messages
-version boolean Report version number and exit
|
| Qualifier | Type | Description | Allowed values | Default |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard (Mandatory) qualifiers | ||||
| [-asequence] (Parameter 1) |
sequence | Sequence filename and optional format, or reference (input USA) | Readable sequence | Required |
| [-bsequence] (Parameter 2) |
sequence | Sequence filename and optional format, or reference (input USA) | Readable sequence | Required |
| [-outfile] (Parameter 3) |
align | Output alignment file name | (default -aformat markx0) | <*>.stretcher |
| Additional (Optional) qualifiers | ||||
| -datafile | matrix | This is the scoring matrix file used when comparing sequences. By default it is the file 'EBLOSUM62' (for proteins) or the file 'EDNAFULL' (for nucleic sequences). These files are found in the 'data' directory of the EMBOSS installation. | Comparison matrix file in EMBOSS data path | EBLOSUM62 for protein EDNAFULL for DNA |
| -gapopen | integer | Gap penalty | Positive integer | 12 for protein, 16 for nucleic |
| -gapextend | integer | Gap length penalty | Positive integer | 2 for protein, 4 for nucleic |
| Advanced (Unprompted) qualifiers | ||||
| (none) | ||||
| Associated qualifiers | ||||
| "-asequence" associated sequence qualifiers | ||||
| -sbegin1 -sbegin_asequence |
integer | Start of the sequence to be used | Any integer value | 0 |
| -send1 -send_asequence |
integer | End of the sequence to be used | Any integer value | 0 |
| -sreverse1 -sreverse_asequence |
boolean | Reverse (if DNA) | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -sask1 -sask_asequence |
boolean | Ask for begin/end/reverse | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -snucleotide1 -snucleotide_asequence |
boolean | Sequence is nucleotide | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -sprotein1 -sprotein_asequence |
boolean | Sequence is protein | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -slower1 -slower_asequence |
boolean | Make lower case | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -supper1 -supper_asequence |
boolean | Make upper case | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -sformat1 -sformat_asequence |
string | Input sequence format | Any string | |
| -sdbname1 -sdbname_asequence |
string | Database name | Any string | |
| -sid1 -sid_asequence |
string | Entryname | Any string | |
| -ufo1 -ufo_asequence |
string | UFO features | Any string | |
| -fformat1 -fformat_asequence |
string | Features format | Any string | |
| -fopenfile1 -fopenfile_asequence |
string | Features file name | Any string | |
| "-bsequence" associated sequence qualifiers | ||||
| -sbegin2 -sbegin_bsequence |
integer | Start of the sequence to be used | Any integer value | 0 |
| -send2 -send_bsequence |
integer | End of the sequence to be used | Any integer value | 0 |
| -sreverse2 -sreverse_bsequence |
boolean | Reverse (if DNA) | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -sask2 -sask_bsequence |
boolean | Ask for begin/end/reverse | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -snucleotide2 -snucleotide_bsequence |
boolean | Sequence is nucleotide | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -sprotein2 -sprotein_bsequence |
boolean | Sequence is protein | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -slower2 -slower_bsequence |
boolean | Make lower case | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -supper2 -supper_bsequence |
boolean | Make upper case | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -sformat2 -sformat_bsequence |
string | Input sequence format | Any string | |
| -sdbname2 -sdbname_bsequence |
string | Database name | Any string | |
| -sid2 -sid_bsequence |
string | Entryname | Any string | |
| -ufo2 -ufo_bsequence |
string | UFO features | Any string | |
| -fformat2 -fformat_bsequence |
string | Features format | Any string | |
| -fopenfile2 -fopenfile_bsequence |
string | Features file name | Any string | |
| "-outfile" associated align qualifiers | ||||
| -aformat3 -aformat_outfile |
string | Alignment format | Any string | markx0 |
| -aextension3 -aextension_outfile |
string | File name extension | Any string | |
| -adirectory3 -adirectory_outfile |
string | Output directory | Any string | |
| -aname3 -aname_outfile |
string | Base file name | Any string | |
| -awidth3 -awidth_outfile |
integer | Alignment width | Any integer value | 0 |
| -aaccshow3 -aaccshow_outfile |
boolean | Show accession number in the header | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -adesshow3 -adesshow_outfile |
boolean | Show description in the header | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -ausashow3 -ausashow_outfile |
boolean | Show the full USA in the alignment | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -aglobal3 -aglobal_outfile |
boolean | Show the full sequence in alignment | Boolean value Yes/No | Y |
| General qualifiers | ||||
| -auto | boolean | Turn off prompts | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -stdout | boolean | Write first file to standard output | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -filter | boolean | Read first file from standard input, write first file to standard output | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -options | boolean | Prompt for standard and additional values | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -debug | boolean | Write debug output to program.dbg | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -verbose | boolean | Report some/full command line options | Boolean value Yes/No | Y |
| -help | boolean | Report command line options and exit. More information on associated and general qualifiers can be found with -help -verbose | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -warning | boolean | Report warnings | Boolean value Yes/No | Y |
| -error | boolean | Report errors | Boolean value Yes/No | Y |
| -fatal | boolean | Report fatal errors | Boolean value Yes/No | Y |
| -die | boolean | Report dying program messages | Boolean value Yes/No | Y |
| -version | boolean | Report version number and exit | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
The input is a standard EMBOSS sequence query (also known as a 'USA').
Major sequence database sources defined as standard in EMBOSS installations include srs:embl, srs:uniprot and ensembl
Data can also be read from sequence output in any supported format written by an EMBOSS or third-party application.
The input format can be specified by using the command-line qualifier -sformat xxx, where 'xxx' is replaced by the name of the required format. The available format names are: gff (gff3), gff2, embl (em), genbank (gb, refseq), ddbj, refseqp, pir (nbrf), swissprot (swiss, sw), dasgff and debug.
See: http://emboss.sf.net/docs/themes/SequenceFormats.html for further information on sequence formats.
ID HBA_HUMAN Reviewed; 142 AA.
AC P69905; P01922; Q1HDT5; Q3MIF5; Q53F97; Q96KF1; Q9NYR7; Q9UCM0;
DT 21-JUL-1986, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 23-JAN-2007, sequence version 2.
DT 15-JUN-2010, entry version 86.
DE RecName: Full=Hemoglobin subunit alpha;
DE AltName: Full=Hemoglobin alpha chain;
DE AltName: Full=Alpha-globin;
GN Name=HBA1;
GN and
GN Name=HBA2;
OS Homo sapiens (Human).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
OC Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
OC Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
OX NCBI_TaxID=9606;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (HBA1).
RX MEDLINE=81088339; PubMed=7448866; DOI=10.1016/0092-8674(80)90347-5;
RA Michelson A.M., Orkin S.H.;
RT "The 3' untranslated regions of the duplicated human alpha-globin
RT genes are unexpectedly divergent.";
RL Cell 22:371-377(1980).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (HBA2).
RX MEDLINE=80137531; PubMed=6244294;
RA Wilson J.T., Wilson L.B., Reddy V.B., Cavallesco C., Ghosh P.K.,
RA Deriel J.K., Forget B.G., Weissman S.M.;
RT "Nucleotide sequence of the coding portion of human alpha globin
RT messenger RNA.";
RL J. Biol. Chem. 255:2807-2815(1980).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (HBA2).
RX MEDLINE=81175088; PubMed=6452630; DOI=10.1073/pnas.77.12.7054;
RA Liebhaber S.A., Goossens M.J., Kan Y.W.;
RT "Cloning and complete nucleotide sequence of human 5'-alpha-globin
RT gene.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:7054-7058(1980).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX PubMed=6946451; DOI=10.1073/pnas.78.8.5041;
RA Orkin S.H., Goff S.C., Hechtman R.L.;
RT "Mutation in an intervening sequence splice junction in man.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:5041-5045(1981).
RN [5]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANT LYS-32.
RX MEDLINE=21303311; PubMed=11410421;
RA Zhao Y., Xu X.;
RT "Alpha2(CD31 AGG-->AAG, Arg-->Lys) causing non-deletional alpha-
RT thalassemia in a Chinese family with HbH disease.";
[Part of this file has been deleted for brevity]
FT /FTId=VAR_002841.
FT VARIANT 132 132 S -> P (in Questembert; highly unstable;
FT causes alpha-thalassemia).
FT /FTId=VAR_002843.
FT VARIANT 134 134 S -> R (in Val de Marne; O(2) affinity
FT up).
FT /FTId=VAR_002844.
FT VARIANT 136 136 V -> E (in Pavie).
FT /FTId=VAR_002845.
FT VARIANT 137 137 L -> M (in Chicago).
FT /FTId=VAR_002846.
FT VARIANT 137 137 L -> P (in Bibba; unstable; causes alpha-
FT thalassemia).
FT /FTId=VAR_002847.
FT VARIANT 137 137 L -> R (in Toyama).
FT /FTId=VAR_035242.
FT VARIANT 139 139 S -> P (in Attleboro; O(2) affinity up).
FT /FTId=VAR_002848.
FT VARIANT 140 140 K -> E (in Hanamaki; O(2) affinity up).
FT /FTId=VAR_002849.
FT VARIANT 140 140 K -> T (in Tokoname; O(2) affinity up).
FT /FTId=VAR_002850.
FT VARIANT 141 141 Y -> H (in Rouen/Ethiopia; O(2) affinity
FT up).
FT /FTId=VAR_002851.
FT VARIANT 142 142 R -> C (in Nunobiki; O(2) affinity up).
FT /FTId=VAR_002852.
FT VARIANT 142 142 R -> H (in Suresnes; O(2) affinity up).
FT /FTId=VAR_002854.
FT VARIANT 142 142 R -> L (in Legnano; O(2) affinity up).
FT /FTId=VAR_002853.
FT VARIANT 142 142 R -> P (in Singapore).
FT /FTId=VAR_002855.
FT CONFLICT 10 10 N -> H (in Ref. 13; BAD97112).
FT HELIX 5 16
FT HELIX 17 21
FT HELIX 22 36
FT HELIX 38 43
FT HELIX 54 72
FT HELIX 74 76
FT HELIX 77 80
FT HELIX 82 90
FT HELIX 97 113
FT TURN 115 117
FT HELIX 120 137
FT TURN 138 140
SQ SEQUENCE 142 AA; 15258 MW; 15E13666573BBBAE CRC64;
MVLSPADKTN VKAAWGKVGA HAGEYGAEAL ERMFLSFPTT KTYFPHFDLS HGSAQVKGHG
KKVADALTNA VAHVDDMPNA LSALSDLHAH KLRVDPVNFK LLSHCLLVTL AAHLPAEFTP
AVHASLDKFL ASVSTVLTSK YR
//
|
ID HBB_HUMAN Reviewed; 147 AA.
AC P68871; A4GX73; B2ZUE0; P02023; Q13852; Q14481; Q14510; Q45KT0;
AC Q549N7; Q6FI08; Q6R7N2; Q8IZI1; Q9BX96; Q9UCD6; Q9UCP8; Q9UCP9;
DT 21-JUL-1986, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 23-JAN-2007, sequence version 2.
DT 15-JUN-2010, entry version 88.
DE RecName: Full=Hemoglobin subunit beta;
DE AltName: Full=Hemoglobin beta chain;
DE AltName: Full=Beta-globin;
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=LVV-hemorphin-7;
GN Name=HBB;
OS Homo sapiens (Human).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
OC Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
OC Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
OX NCBI_TaxID=9606;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX MEDLINE=77126403; PubMed=1019344;
RA Marotta C., Forget B., Cohen-Solal M., Weissman S.M.;
RT "Nucleotide sequence analysis of coding and noncoding regions of human
RT beta-globin mRNA.";
RL Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 19:165-175(1976).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX MEDLINE=81064667; PubMed=6254664; DOI=10.1016/0092-8674(80)90428-6;
RA Lawn R.M., Efstratiadis A., O'Connell C., Maniatis T.;
RT "The nucleotide sequence of the human beta-globin gene.";
RL Cell 21:647-651(1980).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANT LYS-7.
RX PubMed=16175509; DOI=10.1086/491748;
RA Wood E.T., Stover D.A., Slatkin M., Nachman M.W., Hammer M.F.;
RT "The beta-globin recombinational hotspot reduces the effects of strong
RT selection around HbC, a recently arisen mutation providing resistance
RT to malaria.";
RL Am. J. Hum. Genet. 77:637-642(2005).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RA Lu L., Hu Z.H., Du C.S., Fu Y.S.;
RT "DNA sequence of the human beta-globin gene isolated from a healthy
RT Chinese.";
RL Submitted (JUN-1997) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [5]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANT ARG-113.
RA Cabeda J.M., Correia C., Estevinho A., Cardoso C., Amorim M.L.,
RA Cleto E., Vale L., Coimbra E., Pinho L., Justica B.;
RT "Unexpected patterns of globin mutations in thalassemia patients from
RT north of Portugal.";
[Part of this file has been deleted for brevity]
FT VARIANT 141 141 A -> V (in Puttelange; polycythemia; O(2)
FT affinity up).
FT /FTId=VAR_003082.
FT VARIANT 142 142 L -> R (in Olmsted; unstable).
FT /FTId=VAR_003083.
FT VARIANT 143 143 A -> D (in Ohio; O(2) affinity up).
FT /FTId=VAR_003084.
FT VARIANT 144 144 H -> D (in Rancho Mirage).
FT /FTId=VAR_003085.
FT VARIANT 144 144 H -> P (in Syracuse; O(2) affinity up).
FT /FTId=VAR_003087.
FT VARIANT 144 144 H -> Q (in Little Rock; O(2) affinity
FT up).
FT /FTId=VAR_003086.
FT VARIANT 144 144 H -> R (in Abruzzo; O(2) affinity up).
FT /FTId=VAR_003088.
FT VARIANT 145 145 K -> E (in Mito; O(2) affinity up).
FT /FTId=VAR_003089.
FT VARIANT 146 146 Y -> C (in Rainier; O(2) affinity up).
FT /FTId=VAR_003090.
FT VARIANT 146 146 Y -> H (in Bethesda; O(2) affinity up).
FT /FTId=VAR_003091.
FT VARIANT 147 147 H -> D (in Hiroshima; O(2) affinity up).
FT /FTId=VAR_003092.
FT VARIANT 147 147 H -> L (in Cowtown; O(2) affinity up).
FT /FTId=VAR_003093.
FT VARIANT 147 147 H -> P (in York; O(2) affinity up).
FT /FTId=VAR_003094.
FT VARIANT 147 147 H -> Q (in Kodaira; O(2) affinity up).
FT /FTId=VAR_003095.
FT CONFLICT 26 26 Missing (in Ref. 15; ACD39349).
FT CONFLICT 42 42 F -> L (in Ref. 13; AAR96398).
FT HELIX 6 16
FT TURN 21 23
FT HELIX 24 35
FT HELIX 37 42
FT HELIX 44 46
FT HELIX 52 57
FT HELIX 59 77
FT TURN 78 80
FT HELIX 82 94
FT TURN 95 97
FT HELIX 102 119
FT HELIX 120 122
FT HELIX 125 142
FT HELIX 144 146
SQ SEQUENCE 147 AA; 15998 MW; A31F6D621C6556A1 CRC64;
MVHLTPEEKS AVTALWGKVN VDEVGGEALG RLLVVYPWTQ RFFESFGDLS TPDAVMGNPK
VKAHGKKVLG AFSDGLAHLD NLKGTFATLS ELHCDKLHVD PENFRLLGNV LVCVLAHHFG
KEFTPPVQAA YQKVVAGVAN ALAHKYH
//
|
The output is a standard EMBOSS alignment file.
The results can be output in one of several styles by using the command-line qualifier -aformat xxx, where 'xxx' is replaced by the name of the required format. Some of the alignment formats can cope with an unlimited number of sequences, while others are only for pairs of sequences.
The available multiple alignment format names are: multiple, simple, fasta, msf, clustal, mega, meganon, nexus,, nexusnon, phylip, phylipnon, selex, treecon, tcoffee, debug, srs.
The available pairwise alignment format names are: pair, markx0, markx1, markx2, markx3, markx10, match, sam, bam, score, srspair
See: http://emboss.sf.net/docs/themes/AlignFormats.html for further information on alignment formats.
The default output format is 'markx0'.
########################################
# Program: stretcher
# Rundate: Fri 15 Jul 2011 12:00:00
# Commandline: stretcher
# [-asequence] tsw:hba_human
# [-bsequence] tsw:hbb_human
# Align_format: markx0
# Report_file: hba_human.stretcher
########################################
#=======================================
#
# Aligned_sequences: 2
# 1: HBA_HUMAN
# 2: HBB_HUMAN
# Matrix: EBLOSUM62
# Gap_penalty: 12
# Extend_penalty: 2
#
# Length: 149
# Identity: 65/149 (43.6%)
# Similarity: 90/149 (60.4%)
# Gaps: 9/149 ( 6.0%)
# Score: 277
#
#
#=======================================
10 20 30 40
HBA_HU MV-LSPADKTNVKAAWGKVGAHAGEYGAEALERMFLSFPTTKTYFPHF-D
:: :.: .:. : : :::: . : : ::: :. . .: :. .: : :
HBB_HU MVHLTPEEKSAVTALWGKV--NVDEVGGEALGRLLVVYPWTQRFFESFGD
10 20 30 40
50 60 70 80 90
HBA_HU LSH-----GSAQVKGHGKKVADALTNAVAHVDDMPNALSALSDLHAHKLR
:: :. .:: ::::: : .. .::.:.. . ::.:: ::
HBB_HU LSTPDAVMGNPKVKAHGKKVLGAFSDGLAHLDNLKGTFATLSELHCDKLH
50 60 70 80 90
100 110 120 130 140
HBA_HU VDPVNFKLLSHCLLVTLAAHLPAEFTPAVHASLDKFLASVSTVLTSKYR
::: ::.:: . :. :: : :::: : :. : .: :. : ::
HBB_HU VDPENFRLLGNVLVCVLAHHFGKEFTPPVQAAYQKVVAGVANALAHKYH
100 110 120 130 140
#---------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------
|
EMBOSS data files are distributed with the application and stored in the standard EMBOSS data directory, which is defined by EMBOSS environment variable EMBOSS_DATA.
Users can provide their own data files in their own directories. Project specific files can be put in the current directory, or for tidier directory listings in a subdirectory called ".embossdata". Files for all EMBOSS runs can be put in the user's home directory, or again in a subdirectory called ".embossdata".
The directories are searched in the following order:
A global pairwise alignment is one where it is assumed that the two sequences have diverged from a common ancestor and that the program should try to stretch the two sequences, introducing gaps where necessary, in order to show the alignment over the whole length of the two sequences that best illustrates their similarities. In contrast, a local alignment program like matcher simply finds local, small parts of the two sequences where there is some similarity and makes no assumption about the whole length of the sequence needing to be similar.
Demonstration of similarity is not evidence of homology! This program will produce a global alignment even if there is no biological justification for thinking that there might be a common ancestor.
| Program name | Description |
|---|---|
| est2genome | Align EST sequences to genomic DNA sequence |
| needle | Needleman-Wunsch global alignment of two sequences |
| needleall | Many-to-many pairwise alignments of two sequence sets |
This application was modified for inclusion in EMBOSS by
Ian Longden formerly at:
Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton,
Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
Please report all bugs to the EMBOSS bug team (emboss-bug © emboss.open-bio.org) not to the original author.